The Human Body And The Circulatory System - 1193 Words

The human body is made up of several systems : the circulatory system which circulates blood around the body via the heart, arteries and veins, delivering oxygen and nutrients to organs , the digestive system which consist of the mechanical and chemical processes that provide nutrients , the endocrine system which provides chemical communications within the body using hormones , the exocrine system consisting of skin, hair, nails, sweat and other exocrine glands , the immune system which defends the body against disease-causing agents , the skeletal system which enables the body to move using muscles , the nervous system which collects and processes information from the senses and tells the muscles to contract to cause physical actions , the renal system which is the system where the kidneys filter blood , the reproductive system which is the sex organs required for the production of offspring , the respiratory system which consists of the lungs and trachea that bring air into the b ody. Like any other system in the body, the endocrine system is prone to many diseases and malfunctioning, one of which is known as Diabetes Mellitus type 1 and type 2. Diabetes mellitus refers to a group of diseases that affect how our body uses blood sugar (glucose). Chronic diabetes conditions include type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Potentially reversible diabetes conditions include pre diabetes — when blood sugar levels are higher than normal, but not high enough to be classified asShow MoreRelatedThe Circulatory System And The Human Body Essay1169 Words   |  5 PagesComposed of various systems, the human body exists as a complex and sophisticated machine that carries out intricate tasks, crucial for life. The most vital of these is the circulatory system. The combination of the heart, lungs, arteries, and veins make up this highly important system. Transporting nutrients and oxygen to tissues and organs, while also discarding waste products remain the main purpos e. Three separate systems, the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and systemic all work together with theRead MoreThe Circulatory System And The Human Body Essay1184 Words   |  5 PagesBreath of life Composed of various systems, the human body exists as a complex and sophisticated machine that carries out intricate tasks, crucial for life. The most vital of these is the circulatory system. The combination of the heart, lungs, arteries, and veins make up this highly important system. Transporting nutrients and oxygen to tissues and organs, while also discarding waste products remain the main purpose. Three separate systems, the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and systemic all workRead MoreThe Circulatory System And The Human Body2016 Words   |  9 PagesAfter much consideration and time to process all of the organ systems in the human body, I feel as if the circulatory system is a significant key element in maintaining homeostasis in the human body. The circulatory system is a vast network of organs and vessels that is responsible for the flow of blood, nutrients, hormones, oxygen and other gases to and from cells. The circulatory system is an organ system that permits blood to circu late and transport nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes)Read MoreThe circulatory system is the main reason the human body is able to get nutrients from food1000 Words   |  4 PagesThe circulatory system is the main reason the human body is able to get nutrients from food consumed. The circulatory system contain blood vessels that transport all the nutrients consumed to all parts of the body. Present within these blood vessels are endothelial cells which are responsible for all activities occurring within the blood vessels. However, too much activity from the endothelial cells might cause some undesirable effects. When endothelial cells are not functioning properly, there willRead MoreEssay on To Compare Two Major Systems of the Human Body1089 Words   |  5 PagesHave you ever wondered which body system helps bring oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to the heart? Well that system is called the Circulatory System or the Cardiovascular System. Have you ever wondered whic h body system helps bring air into the lungs? That system is called the Respiratory system. You are probably wondering why I am mentioning the Respiratory and Circulatory system? I am talking about them because, these are the two system that I am going to be comparing and contrasting in thisRead MoreComparing The Circulatory System Of Human And Echinoderm1071 Words   |  5 PagesEric Ha Biology D 5/11/16 Comparison of Circulatory System between Human and Echinoderm I am going to show the similarities and differences of circulatory system of human and echinoderm. To begin with, I am going to write about the circulatory system of human. There are two types of circulation in circulatory system. First of all, pulmonary circulation is the part of the circulation, which carries oxygen depleted blood away from the heart, to lungs, and back to the heart. At first, in processRead MoreDifferent Systems in a Human Body Essay1018 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Body System Interaction . All the systems in the human body are vital to our survival and well-being. If you take away the functions of just one of these systems our whole body will cease to work properly. The main systems of the human body are the nervous, endocrine respiratory, circulatory, immune, digestive, excretory, skeletal, muscular, and the reproductive systems. They all work together in harmony and unison to keep us alive. The nervous and endocrine systems are what controlRead MoreComposition of Cardiovascular System1709 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Composition of Cardiovascular System: The cardiovascular system provides a method with which nutrients and waste products are rapidly transported within the human body. While its also referred to as the circulatory system, it also transports hormones, gases, and food to and from cells within the body. The major components of the circulatory or cardiovascular system are blood, blood vessels, and the heart (Cardiovascular System Simplified, n.d.). Blood consists of cells and liquid plasma whileRead MoreBody Systems of Humans, Crayfish, Pigs, and Earthworms1598 Words   |  7 PagesBody Systems of Various Organisms All organisms in the world have a range of systems and organs in their body. Some organisms may share similar body systems while others have absolutely nothing in common. Several of those organisms include humans, pigs, crayfish, and earthworms. From their mushy, gushy organs to their soft, gentle skin, you may think, â€Å"How are humans and pigs possibly alike? Or a crayfish and an earthworm?† In many ways they may not be, but in other ways, they are very much alikeRead MoreThe Differences Between Human And Body Systems1180 Words   |  5 Pagescalled amphibians, and humans are classified as mammals. As well, our exterior appearances of frogs and humans look contrastive, but nonetheless besides the differences, our interior appearances share many similarities. Some similarities include body structure such as eyes, ears, a mouth, and nose. Other similarities include our basic organs like lungs, a stomach, and a heart. Also, just like humans frogs are composed of many diffe rent body systems, three of which are the circulatory, respiratory, and

Burberry Case Study - 1682 Words

Framework: 2 Step: 1 Comprehend case situation Burberry is a famous British originated fashion and luxury company that launched its first product in 1900. It had been a well-established luxury brand for wealthy middle-class people for several decades until 1980 when the company started making losses because of its old-fashioned products. To avoid further losses, its CEO Rosemary Bravo revamp it with modern feel and soon its popularity grew among hip-hop artists and football fans. This Burberry strategy to embrace new age resulted in loss of core customers, sales loss many more. Now, we are going to identify the problems, generate solutions, evaluate and select one problem and provide our arguments along with their counter-arguments and†¦show more content†¦VOIP reduces call charges and ultimately minimizes communication expenses a lot. (Stuart Taylor, 2007) 2. This technology provides all the branches of the company to get connected under single network and officials attend conferences through video tele-conferencing whi ch definitely saves the company’s travelling expenses. (Stuart Taylor, 2007) 3. Features like caller id, call waiting and voice mail that comes along with this modern technology helps both the company and its customers to save valuable time and call charges. (Stuart Taylor, 2007) Argument 3: Customer loyalty can be increased by some tricky but fast usage of modern technology. Supporting points: 1. Encouraging customer complaints during their online purchase shows a company’s caring attitude towards its customers. (Joanne F. Gucwa, 1999) 2. E-mailing mini-surveys to the customers asking about their opinions, likings, disliking regarding specific products helps to achieve customer loyalty. (Joanne F. Gucwa, 1999) 3. The online purchase discounts in membership benefits attracts the interested consumers to join membership. (Lauren Gibbons Paul, 2010) Counter Argument 1: Violation of privacy is a great threat to the companies that provide online customer services. Supporting points: 1. Cell phone signal interceptions can cause troubles to the customers. (Steven Murr, 2006) 2. Because of email and personal information file hacking, customers as well as company’s once private information can becomeShow MoreRelatedBurberry Case Study5105 Words   |  21 Pages1.0 OVERVIEW OF THE CASE Overall, this case illustrates how the former Burberry Chief Executive Director (CEO), Rose Marie Bravo who stepped in as CEO in 1997, has succeeded in revitalising and revamping the company to become more successful in term of profitability and marketability. This case was took place in year 2003 whereby Ms. Bravo had successfully turned around a fading company to a rejuvenated highly profitable company and had gained their competitive advantage in luxury brand afterRead MoreBurberry a Case Study2292 Words   |  10 PagesYour Business Assignment – Critical Evaluation of Burberry LTD Focussed on Human Resources, Information Management and Knowledge Management. Amy Lawrence 601635 BSc. Business Communications Tutors: Mike Swain and Gwenda Mynott Contents Introduction 2 Burberry Limited 2 Human Resource Management 3 Information Management 3 Knowledge Management 4 Conclusion 5 Bibliography 6 Introduction Considering the impact of Burberrys closure of its Wales plant at Treorchy, Rhondda,Read MoreBurberry Case Study1896 Words   |  8 PagesBURBERRY Introduction Rose Marie Bravo, CEO for Burberry from 1997 until now (2003). Changed company from â€Å"heavily reliant on licensing and distribution †(1997) to â€Å"leading luxury brand†(2003) Revenue increase:  £225 million in 2000 almost  £600 million in 2003. She has been able to successfully steer the company through an initial public offering of 22.5% in 2002. History: Founded in 1856 by 21 year old Thomas Burberry, who opened a draper’s shop and soon invented gabardine, a waterproof andRead MoreBurberry Case Study1906 Words   |  8 PagesBURBERRY Introduction Rose Marie Bravo, CEO for Burberry from 1997 until now (2003). Changed company from â€Å"heavily reliant on licensing and distribution †(1997) to â€Å"leading luxury brand†(2003) Revenue increase:  £225 million in 2000 almost  £600 million in 2003. She has been able to successfully steer the company through an initial public offering of 22.5% in 2002. History: Founded in 1856 by 21 year old Thomas Burberry, who opened a draper’s shop and soon invented gabardine, a waterproof and breathableRead MoreBurberry Case Study Essay2361 Words   |  10 PagesImage : Burberry Title Page Number Executive Summary........................................................................ Context Analysis............................................................................. History and Overview.................................................... SWOT Analysis............................................................ PEST Analysis.............................................................. Burberry and SelfRead MoreMarketing: Burberry Target Audience931 Words   |  4 PagesBurberry target audience is designed for both sexes however it is dominated by the female target audience who have a high disposable income. The brand has their own childrenswear range which can appeal to parents but are likely to be people from wealthy backgrounds. Burberry is famous for appealing to celebrities who purchase coats and dresses which have a high end appeal. Burberry focuses more on customer value in order to attract and retain costumers. With the aim to achieve this by producing aRead MoreThe Emerging Trends Of Personalisation1429 Words   |  6 Pagesreach up to a price level of 450 GBP) at Burberry. The interviews should provide a deeper insight into how product personalisation engages costumers. (Bryman and Bell, 2011) The customers who have been selected will form a case study on Burberry, as Burberry is a representative example of how a luxury brand successfully integrates en try-level product lines and offers personalisation to engage customers who according to Mintel (2014) „cannot afford Burberry clothing, but still want to buy in to theRead MoreBurberry Strategy2479 Words   |  10 Pagesdesigner label, Burberry GRP. In particular, the research will focus on the Strategic Business Unit of Burberry; understanding and explaining how they utilize the resources and competencies to achieve a competitive advantage. In order to do this, this paper will address on theory based from work in the areas of the ‘Resource-Based View’ and ‘Resources and Capabilities’ as well as using theoretical frameworks to give a holistic view of the strategic issues Burberry. After their reform, Burberry recoveredRead Moreoverview of a Luxury Fashion Brand2482 Words   |  10 Pagesat one Burberry as a luxury brand that has been successful despite the challenges that have existed in the fashion market. In this paper an overview of Burberry is given based on its success in the industry. The brand has been outstanding and is defined by the Britishness, independent luxury positioning and heritage as well as history. Compared to other brands in the fashion industry such as Prada, Zara and Ralph Lauren, the brand has been doing fairly well. Brand’s Brief History Burberry is a distinctiveRead MoreBurberry Analysis5176 Words   |  21 Pages†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 18 6.1 Source of references †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 19 Problem statement. 1.1 How Is Burberry Structural build up and how do they work whit their external environment. Explanation of what structural changes Burberry did, to turn the company in to the success it is today. Analyze the process of the finding the core products that Burberry have chosen. How they have targeted a new segment of the market, true marketing and branding. History/ Background. 2

Globalization and Firms Free Essays

string(62) " the economic reasons for government intervention in markets\." 41. With the help of an example discuss the characteristics of globalization. Globalization refers to a fundamental shift in the world economy in which national economies are no longer relatively self-contained entities. We will write a custom essay sample on Globalization and Firms or any similar topic only for you Order Now Instead, nations are moving toward an interdependent global economic system. Within this new global economy, an American might drive to work in a car designed in Germany that was assembled in Mexico by DaimlerChrysler from components made in the U. S. and Japan that were fabricated from Korean steel and Malaysian rubber. A company does not have to be the size of these multinational giants to facilitate, and benefit from, the globalization of markets. 42. Define globalization and discuss it has changed the business environment? Globalization has created many opportunities for businesses to expand their revenues by selling around the world while at the same time reducing their costs by producing in nations where labor and other inputs are cheap. However, globalization has also produced new threats for companies in the form of increased competition. 41. Compare and contrast a pure democracy and a representative democracy. Which type of democracy is more common today? Why? The pure form of democracy is based on a belief that citizens should be directly involved in decision making. In contrast, in a representative democracy, citizens periodically elect individuals to represent them. The elected individuals form a government and make decisions on behalf of the electorate. Because a pure democracy is impractical in advanced societies with tens or hundreds of millions of people, representative democracies are far more common in today’s world. 2. Explain the differences between common law and civil law systems by the approach of each to contract law. Contracts drafted under a common law framework tend to be very detailed with all contingencies spelled out. In contrast, contracts in a civil law system tend to be much shorter and less specific because many of the issues typically covered in a common law contract are already covered i n civil law. 43. What are state-owned companies? Why do they exist? Why do they usually perform poorly? A state-owned company is a company that is owned by a nation’s government. After World War II, many social democratic governments nationalized private companies that were to be run for the public good rather than private profit. Great Britain, for example, nationalized so many companies that by the end of the 1970s, state-owned monopolies existed in telecommunications, electricity, gas, coal, and several other industries. However, because state-run companies such as the ones that existed in Great Britain are protected from competition by their monopoly position and guaranteed financial support, they become inefficient. 1. Compare and contrast folkways and mores. Folkways are the routine conventions of everyday life. Generally, folkways are actions of little moral significance. Folkways include rituals and symbolic behavior. In contrast, mores are norms that are seen as central to the functioning of a society and to its social life. Mores have much greater significance than folkways. Accordingly, violating mores can bring serious retribution. 42. What is the difference between a caste system and a class system? A caste system is a closed system of stratification in which social position is determined by the family into which a person is born, and change in that position is usually not possible during an individual’s lifetime. The caste system is the most rigid form of social stratification. A caste frequently involves a specific occupation. In contrast, a class system is a less rigid form of social stratification in which social mobility is possible through an individual’s personal achievements and/or luck. 43. Discuss why the stratification of a society is important to business. The stratification of a society is significant if it affects the operation of business organizations. In a country like Great Britain for example, the relative lack of class mobility and the differences between classes has resulted in hostility between middle-class managers and their working-class employees. This hostility and the resulting lack of cooperation can make it more difficult for firms to establish a competitive advantage in the global economy. While the last two decades has seen a eduction in the number of industrial disputes in Britain, there are signs that class consciousness may be reemerging in China. 44. Describe the four dimensions of culture as identified by Geert Hofstede. Geert Hofstede identified four dimensions that he claimed summarized the differences between different cultures. According to Hofstede, the power distance dimension focused on how a society deals with the fact that people are unequal in physical and intellectual capabilities. The second dimension identified by Hofstede, individualism vs. collectivism, focused on the relationship between the individual and his/her fellows. Hofstede’s third dimension, uncertainty avoidance, measured the extent to which different cultures socialize their members into accepting ambiguous situations and tolerating uncertainty. Finally, Hofstede’s fourth dimension, masculinity vs. femininity, examined the relationship between gender and work roles. 41. Compare and contrast import quotas and voluntary export restraints. An import quota is a direct restriction on the quantity of some good that may be imported int o a country. The restriction is normally enforced by issuing import licenses to a group of individuals or firms. In contrast, a voluntary export restraint (VER) is a quota imposed by the exporting country, typically at the request of the importing country’s government. Foreign producers agree to VERs because they fear more damaging punitive tariffs or import quotas might follow if they do not. Both import quotas and VERs benefit domestic producers, but hurt consumers through higher prices. 42. What are the political reasons for governments to intervene in markets? There are a number of political reasons why governments intervene in markets. The most common reason for intervention is to protect jobs and industries. Governments may also intervene to protect national security, to threaten punitive retaliatory actions, to protect consumers or to protect human rights, and to further foreign policy objectives. 43. Discuss the economic reasons for government intervention in markets. You read "Globalization and Firms" in category "Essay examples" The economic reasons for government interaction have undergone a renaissance in recent times as more economists support economic reasons for intervention. The oldest argument for intervention is the infant industry argument. Strategic trade policy is the other main reason given for economic government intervention in markets. 44. What is strategic trade policy? Provide an example. Strategic trade policy suggests that in industries where the existence of substantial scale economies implies that the world will profitably support only a few firms, countries may predominate in the export of certain products simply because they had firms that were able to capture first-mover advantages. Boeing’s dominance in the aerospace industry has been attributed to these types of factors. According to strategic trade policy, a government can help raise national incomes if it can ensure that the firms that gain first-mover advantages in such industries are omestic rather foreign. Further, the theory argues that it might pay governments to intervene in an industry if it helps domestic firms overcome the barriers to entry created by foreign firms that have already reaped first-mover advantages. 45. Explain how trade barriers affect a firm’s strategy. There are four main ways trade barriers affect a firm’s st rategy. First, tariffs raise the cost of exporting, putting the firm at a competitive disadvantage. Second, quotas may limit a firm’s ability to serve a country from outside of that country. Third, to conform to local content regulations, a firm may have to locate more production activities in a given market than it would otherwise. Finally, the threat of antidumping actions limits the firm’s ability to use aggressive pricing to gain market share in a country. 41. What is a greenfield investment? How does it compare to an acquisition? Which form of FDI is a firm more likely to choose? Explain your answer. FDI can take the form of a greenfield investment in a new facility or an acquisition of or a merger with an existing local firm. Research shows that most FDI takes the form of mergers and acquisitions rather than greenfield investments. Mergers and acquisitions are more popular for three reasons. First, mergers and acquisitions are quicker to execute than greenfield investments. Second, foreign firms are acquired because those firms have valuable strategic assets. Third, firms make acquisitions because they believe they can increase the efficiency of the acquired firm by transferring capital, technology, or management skills. 42. Compare and contrast the advantages of foreign direct investment over exporting and licensing. A firm will favor foreign direct investment over exporting as an entry strategy when transportation costs or trade barriers make exporting unattractive. Furthermore, the firm will favor foreign direct investment over licensing (or franchising) when it wishes to maintain control over its technological know-how, or over its operations and business strategy, or when the firm’s capabilities are simply not amenable to licensing, as may often be the case. 43. Discuss the various political ideologies and their impact on foreign direct investment. The radical view writers argue that the multinational enterprise (MNE) is an instrument of imperialist domination. The free market view argues that international production should be distributed among countries according to the theory of comparative advantage. The pragmatic nationalist view is that FDI has both benefits and costs. The radical view has a dogmatic radical stance that is hostile to all inward FDI. The free market view is at the other extreme and based on noninterventionist principle of free market economics. Between these two extremes is an approach called pragmatic nationalism. 4. Describe the situations when licensing is not a good option for a firm. Licensing is not a good option in three situations. First, licensing is hazardous in high-tech industries where protecting firm-specific expertise is very important. Second, licensing is not attractive in global oligopolies where tight control is necessary so that firms have the ability to launch coordinated attacks again st global competitors. Finally, in industries where intense cost pressures require that MNEs maintain tight control over foreign operations, licensing is not the best option. 46. Discuss Michael Porter’s interpretation of value creation and competitive advantage. According to Michael Porter, low cost and differentiation are two basic strategies for creating value and attaining a competitive advantage in an industry. Porter argues that those firms that create superior value will achieve superior profitability. Porter notes that it is not necessary for a firm to have the lowest cost structure or create the most valuable product; rather it is only important that the gap between value and the cost of production be greater than that of competitors. 7. Discuss strategic positioning. How does strategic positioning relate to the efficiency frontier? The efficiency frontier shows all of the different positions that a firm can adopt with regard to adding value to the product and low cost assuming that its internal operations are configured efficiently to support a particular position. It is important that managers decide where a firm should be positioned with re gard to value and cost, configure operations accordingly, and manage them efficiently to ensure the firm is operating on the efficiency frontier. 8. Describe the benefits of global expansion for firms. Global expansion allows firm to capture many opportunities not open to firms that remain focused purely on the domestic market. Firms that operate globally have the opportunity to sell their product in a much larger marketplace. Location economies can be realized through global expansion by dispersing value creation activities to the optimal location in the world. International expansion allows a firm to realize greater cost economies from experience effects. Finally, global expansion provides firms with the opportunity to earn a greater return by leveraging any skills developed in foreign operations and transferring them within the organization. 49. What are the two types of competitive pressures that firms competing in the global marketplace face? How do firms respond to these pressures? Firms that compete in the global marketplace typically face two types of competitive pressure that affect their ability to realize location economies and experience effects, to leverage products and transfer competencies and skills within the enterprise. They face pressures for cost reductions and pressures to be locally responsive. These competitive pressures place conflicting demands on a firm. Responding to pressures for cost reductions requires that a firm try to minimize its unit costs. Responding to pressures to be locally responsive requires that a firm differentiate its product offering and marketing strategy from country to country in an effort to accommodate the diverse demands arising from national differences in consumer tastes and preferences, business practices, distribution channels, competitive conditions, and government policies. 50. What are the four basic strategies that firms use to compete in international markets? Under what conditions is each strategy most appropriate? The four basic strategies that firms use to compete in international markets are the international strategy, the global standardization strategy, the localization strategy, and the transnational strategy. The international strategy is most appropriate when there is low pressure for local responsiveness and low pressure for cost reduction. When there is high pressure for cost reduction, but low pressure for local responsiveness the global standardization strategy makes sense. A localization strategy is appropriate when pressure for local responsiveness is high, but pressure for cost reduction is low. Finally, when pressure for both cost reduction and local responsiveness is high, the transnational strategy is best. 52. What are the three challenges related to strategy and structure that firms must accomplish if they are to achieve superior profitability? Superior enterprise profitability requires that firms fulfill three conditions. First, the different elements of a firm’s organizational architecture must be internally consistent. Second, the organizational architecture of the firm must be consistent with its strategy. Third, the strategy and the structure must not only be consistent with each other, they must also be consistent with the competitive conditions prevailing in the marketplace. 53. Discuss the relationship between a firm’s control systems and a firm’s incentive system. Why is this relationship important? The relationships between a firm’s control systems and incentive systems is a close one. Control systems are the metrics used to measure the performance of subunits and make judgments about how well managers are running those subunits. Incentives are the devices used to reward appropriate managerial behavior. The relationship between these two areas is important because incentives are very closely tied to performance metrics. For example, the incentives of a manager in charge of a national operating subsidiary might be linked to the performance of that company. Specifically, he/she might receive a bonus if her subsidiary exceeds its performance targets. 54. Discuss the location of decision-making in a firm that is following a transnational strategy. Decision-making in a firm pursuing a transnational strategy is complex. The need to realize location and experience curve economies requires some centralized control over global production centers. Yet, the need for local responsiveness requires the decentralization of many operating decisions, particularly those for marketing, to foreign subsidiaries. Decentralization of decision-making is also needed to allow subsidiaries the freedom to develop their own skills and competencies—a requirement that is necessary for the global learning component of the transnational strategy. 55. Discuss the sources of inertia in organizations. Is it easy to make organizational changes? Organizations are difficult to change. Within most organizations are strong inertia forces. These forces come from a number of sources. One source of inertia is the existing distribution of power and influence within an organization. Managers who are not happy with the changes are likely to resist and slow the process. A second source of inertia is the existing culture. Since value systems reflect deeply held beliefs, they can be very hard to change. A third source of inertia derives from senior managers’ preconceptions about the appropriate business model or paradigm. Managers may not recognize the value in a given business model that has been successful in the past. Finally, institutional constraints may act as a source of inertia. In some cases, local content rules or regulations pertaining to layoffs can make it difficult for firms to adopt the most effective strategy and architecture. 45. What are first-mover advantages? Discuss the advantages associated with them. First-mover advantages are the advantages frequently associated with entering a market early. One first-mover advantage is the ability to preempt rivals and capture demand by establishing a strong brand name. A second advantage is the ability to build sales volume in that country and ride down the experience curve ahead of rivals, giving the early entrant a cost advantage over later entrants. A third advantage is the ability of early entrants to create switching costs that tie customers into their products or services. Such switching costs make it difficult for later entrants to win business. 46. Explain the relationship between first-mover disadvantages and pioneering costs. When a firm enters a market prior to other international businesses, it can have first-mover disadvantages. These disadvantages may give rise to pioneering costs, costs that an early entrant has to bear that a later entrant can avoid. Pioneering costs arise when the business syste m in a foreign country is so different from that in a firm’s home market that the enterprise has to devote considerable effort, time, and expense to learning the rules of the game. Pioneering costs also include the costs of promoting and establishing a product offering. Finally, an early entrant may be put at a disadvantage, relative to a later entrant, if regulations change in a way that diminishes the value of the early entrant’s investments. 7. Discuss Bartlett and Ghoshal’s perspective on how firms from developing countries should approach international expansion. Bartlett and Ghoshal suggest that companies based in developing countries should use the entry of foreign multinationals as an opportunity to learn from these competitors by benchmarking their operations and performance against them. They argue that the local company might be able to find ways to differentiate itself from foreign companies by focusing on market niches that the multinational ignores or is unable to serve effectively if it has a standardized global roduct offering. Then, the firm from the developing nation may then be in a position to pursue its own international expansion strategy. 48. Discuss strategic alliances. How successful are they? Why do firms form strategic alliances? The term strategic alliance refers to cooperative agreements between potential or actual competitors. Strategic alliances run the range from formal joint ventures, in which two or more firms have equity stakes, to short-term contractual arrangements, in which two companies agree to cooperate on a particular task. Firms enter into strategic alliances for four main reasons. First, strategic alliances may facilitate entry into a foreign market. Second, strategic alliances allow firms to share the fixed costs of developing new products or processes. Third, strategic alliances allow firms to bring together complementary skills and assets that neither company could develop easily on its own. Fourth, strategic alliances can help firms establish technological standards for an industry. How to cite Globalization and Firms, Essay examples

Nervous system free essay sample

I will be explaining the physical and psychological changes which may be associated with ageing. Physical changes – skin, bones and joints * Skin becomes more wrinkled, thinner and less elastic. * Bones are less dense and are more likely to suffer from minor or serve injuries. * Joints stiffen and can be more painful as the bones thin out. * Muscles become weakened and loosen. * The spine may round which leads to hunched backs and other spine conditions. Senses: * Vision is not as good as it use to be, sometimes with ageing comes an eye condition known as cataracts. Deteriorating may occur within the senses of taste and smell. * Sense of hearing will deteriorate becoming more difficult to hear low pitch sounds. * Balance senses become poor. Organs: * Organ muscles become weaker in which could create risks of constipation. * Blood pressure increases. * Breathing starts to change. * Nutrients from foods don’t often get taken in as well as before when younger. We will write a custom essay sample on Nervous system or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Respiratory System: When blood is not being pumped around the body properly, breathlessness will result. Common disorders in the respiratory system which will occur include common diseases such as Bronchitis. Chest muscles could reduce with ageing and lungs could deteriorate. Hearing: Most individuals over the age of 60+ suffer from hearing impairment. Most elderly people by the time they have reached 70+have lost their hearing. This could happen due to the sensitivity of the nerve cells decreasing. Learning: It takes longer for an older person to learn something than it once was for them when they were younger; this is to do with the functioning of the brain, as you get older your brain functions slower. Memory Loss: Aging has a substantial affect on the brain. The brain stores all the information that was once learnt in their life. Short-term memories are not usually affected by aging but your recent memory will be affected. Older people generally tend to forget names or their own names. This is a normal change within the body. Confusion: Confusion is a common problem in individuals over 65 years old. Confusion may occur fast or slowly over time, depending on the cause. Sometimes confusion can be temporary. Reactions Time: As we get older we tend to process information at a slower pace. This means it can take longer to figure out what is going on and what to do about it. This is usually due to the changes in the nervous system over time.